Post-structuralism and postmodernism are two influential intellectual approaches that emerged in the latter half of the twentieth century. Both challenge the assumptions of classical sociology, Enlightenment rationality, universal truths, and fixed meanings. They question the idea that society can be understood through a single grand theory and emphasize diversity, plurality, and the socially constructed nature of reality. In the context of Sociology in India, these perspectives have contributed to the study of identity, caste, gender, language, culture, and marginalized communities by encouraging multiple interpretations instead of a single dominant explanation. Post-structuralism originated mainly through the works of thinkers such as Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, and Gilles Deleuze. It emerged as a critique of structuralism, which argued that human culture and society are governed by stable structures. Post-structuralists rejected the assumption that meanings are fixed or universal. They argued that language is unstable and meanings constantly change depending on context, interpretation, and power relations. Derrida’s concept of deconstruction demonstrated that texts contain multiple meanings rather than one objective truth. Foucault examined how knowledge