Question
एक विक्रेता ग्राहक की रुचि उत्पन्न करने के बावजूद बिक्री पूर्ण (Close) करने में असमर्थ है। संभावित कारणों का विश्लेषण कीजिए तथा आपत्तियों को दूर करने एवं बिक्री पूर्ण करने के लिए प्रयुक्त की जा सकने वाली तकनीकों की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1586
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व्यक्तिगत विक्रय (Personal Selling) की प्रक्रिया में ग्राहक की रुचि उत्पन्न करना महत्वपूर्ण चरण है, लेकिन केवल रुचि उत्पन्न हो जाना बिक्री पूर्ण होने की गारंटी नहीं देता। कई बार ग्राहक उत्पाद के प्रति आकर्षित दिखाई देता है, प्रश्न पूछता है, विशेषताओं को समझता है और विक्रेता के साथ सकारात्मक बातचीत भी करता है, फिर भी खरीद का अंतिम निर्णय नहीं लेता। ऐसी स्थिति में समस्या प्रायः ग्राहक की वास्तविक आवश्यकता, खरीदने की तत्परता, मूल्य-बोध, जोखिम की धारणा, आपत्तियों, निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रिया अथवा विक्रेता की बिक्री-समापन क्षमता से संबंधित हो सकती है। इसलिए विक्रेता के लिए यह समझना आवश्यक है कि ग्राहक की रुचि और वास्तविक खरीद-इरादे में अंतर होता है। ग्राहक की रुचि उत्पन्न होने के बावजूद बिक्री पूर्ण न होने का पहला कारण यह हो सकता है कि विक्रेता ने ग्राहक की आवश्यकता को पर्याप्त रूप से नहीं समझा है। ग्राहक उत्पाद की विशेषताओं में रुचि ले सकता है, लेकिन यदि उसे यह स्पष्ट नहीं है कि उत्पाद उसकी वास्तविक समस्या का समाधान कैसे करेगा, तो वह खरीद का निर्णय नहीं करेगा। उदाहरण के लिए, कोई ग्राहक महँगे लैपटॉप के प्रोसेसर, रैम और स्क्रीन के बारे में उत्सुकता दिखा सकता है, लेकिन यदि विक्रेता यह नहीं समझाता कि ये विशेषताएँ ग्राहक के कार्य या व्यवसाय में किस प्रकार उपयोगी होंगी, तो ग्राहक खरीद को टाल सकता है। दूसरा कारण उत्पाद के मूल्य और कीमत के बीच ग्राहक को पर्याप्त संबंध दिखाई न देना है। ग्राहक को उत्पाद पसंद हो सकता है, लेकिन वह यह सोच सकता है कि इसकी कीमत अधिक है। ऐसी स्थिति में केवल कीमत कम करने की कोशिश उचित नहीं होती। विक्रेता को उत्पाद के उपयोग, गुणवत्ता, टिकाऊपन, सेवा, वारंटी तथा दीर्घकालीन लाभों के माध्यम से उसके मूल्य को स्पष्ट करना चाहिए। तीसरा कारण ग्राहक की आपत्तियाँ हो सकती हैं। आपत्ति कीमत, गुणवत्ता, उपयोगिता, विश्वसनीयता, ब्रांड, बिक्री-पश्चात सेवा, भुगतान की शर्तों, डिलीवरी या प्रतिस्पर्धी उत्पाद से संबंधित हो सकती है। कई
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