Adequacy and equivalence are two of the most important concepts in translation theory. They help translators evaluate the quality of a translation and determine how successfully the meaning, style, and purpose of the source text have been conveyed into the target language. Although the terms are often used together, they represent different aspects of the translation process and are interpreted differently by various translation scholars. Equivalence refers to the relationship between the source text and the target text. It is the degree to which the translated text reproduces the meaning, function, or effect of the original. Equivalence does not necessarily imply a word-for-word correspondence. Instead, it seeks to preserve the essential message while adapting it to the linguistic and cultural norms of the target language. Since languages differ in vocabulary, grammar, idioms, and cultural references, exact equivalence is often impossible. Therefore, translators aim for the closest natural equivalent rather than literal similarity. Several scholars have proposed different types of equivalence. Roman Jakobson distinguished between intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translation, emphasizing that complete equivalence between languages is rarely achievable. Eugene Nida introduced the concepts of formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence focuses on preserving the form and content of the source text as closely as possible, making it suitable