Question

Write the symmetries associated with the following 2-D defects:

i) Grain Boundary

ii) Twin Boundary

iii) Stacking Fault 

19 Jan 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 143
Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects that separate crystals of the same phase but with different orientations. They possess rotational symmetry depending on the misorientation angle between the grains, and in some cases, mirror symmetry exists across the boundary plane. Twin boundaries exhibit mirror symmetry where the atomic arrangement on one side of the boundary
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