IGNOU MME 302 2026 - Write short notes on the following: Answer the following questions wit

Question

Write short notes on the following: Answer the following questions within 300 words each.

a) Diagnosis of pregnancy b) Anaemia in pregnancy c) Medical disorders complicating pregnancy

d) Medical termination of pregnancy

e) Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD)

f) Complications in early pregnancy

g) Antepartum haemorrhage

h) Preterm labour and PROM

i) Rh incompatibility

j) Pain during pregnancy

10 May 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 571

a) Diagnosis of pregnancy involves recognizing both clinical and laboratory signs. Clinically, missed periods, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, and fatigue are common early indicators. Physical examination may reveal softening of the cervix (Goodell’s sign), uterine enlargement, and changes in vaginal mucosa (Chadwick’s sign). Laboratory confirmation includes detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in blood or urine. Urine pregnancy tests are simple and provide rapid results, while serum hCG tests are more sensitive and can detect pregnancy earlier. Ultrasound examination can confirm intrauterine pregnancy, assess gestational age, and detect fetal viability. b) Anaemia in pregnancy is a common complication due to increased iron demand, folate deficiency, or blood loss. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most frequent type, leading to fatigue, pallor, and reduced work capacity. Diagnosis is by hemoglobin estimation, hematocrit levels,

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