Conflict theories explain society as a dynamic system characterized by inequality, competition, and continuous struggle among individuals and groups over scarce resources, power, prestige, and opportunities. Unlike consensus theories, which emphasize social harmony and integration, conflict theories argue that conflict is a normal and inevitable feature of social life. In anthropology, these theories help explain how cultural, economic, political, and social inequalities influence human behavior, social organization, and cultural change. Conflict is viewed not merely as a destructive force but also as a catalyst for transformation and social development. The roots of conflict theory can be traced to the ideas of Karl Marx, who argued that history is the history of class struggles. According to Marx, society is divided into classes based on ownership of the means of production. The bourgeoisie, who own productive resources, exploit the proletariat, who sell their labour. This exploitation creates conflicts that ultimately lead to social change through revolutionary action. Marx believed that economic factors largely determine social relationships and institutions. Anthropologists have applied Marxist perspectives to study inequality, colonialism, peasant societies, tribal economies, and the impact of capitalism on indigenous communities. Max Weber expanded the conflict perspective by arguing that conflict does not arise solely from economic inequalities. He identified three dimensions of social stratification: class, status, and power. According to Weber, individuals and groups compete not only for wealth but also for