The Sikkim Himalaya represents a distinct geographical region of India with unique population characteristics shaped by its mountainous environment, historical processes, ethnic diversity, and socio-economic conditions. Located in the eastern Himalaya between Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet (China), and the Indian state of West Bengal, Sikkim has a small but culturally diverse population. The physical features of the region, including high mountains, deep valleys, rugged terrain, and climatic variations, have greatly influenced the distribution, settlement patterns, and livelihood activities of its people. Sikkim has one of the lowest population densities among Indian states due to its difficult mountainous terrain and limited availability of habitable land. Population distribution is highly uneven, with most people concentrated in the lower valleys, river basins, and southern parts of the state. Areas such as East and South Sikkim have relatively higher population concentration because of favourable climatic conditions, better transportation facilities, agricultural opportunities, and urban development. In contrast, the northern high-altitude areas have sparse population due to extreme cold conditions, steep slopes, and limited economic opportunities. The population of Sikkim is characterized by remarkable ethnic and cultural