Which parameters of an op-amp become significant for a fast varying ultra low input voltage signal? What should be the values of these parameters for a triangular wave signal of ±5 mV peak to peak with 50 MHz frequency given to a unity gain op-amp amplifier?
Phase sensitive or lock-in amplifiers can extract low level signals in the presence of relatively high noise and, recently, there has been growing interest in their use in portable or embedded instrumentation and sensing applications.
The lock-in amplifier makes the physical quantity to be measured periodic by shifting the DC signal to a known frequency and thus avoiding a high level of low-frequency flicker noise.
A proposed lock-in amplifier circuit is shown in figure 1. The quadrature oscillator generates two phase shifted pulsed voltage signals; P (in phase) and Q (in quadrature). The in phase signal is also used to power the sensor.
The signal from the sensor is amplified by the differential preamplifier and then brought to the inputs of amplifier and multiplier, where it has been amplified – using
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