Mahatma Gandhi played the most significant role in transforming the Indian freedom movement into a nationwide mass struggle. Before his arrival as a national leader, the movement was largely confined to educated elites and constitutional methods. Gandhi brought ordinary people, including peasants, workers, women, students, and marginalized communities, into the struggle for independence. His philosophy of truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa) became the guiding principles of the national movement and gave it a unique moral strength. Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 after successfully leading movements against racial discrimination. He first studied Indian society and then involved himself in local struggles such as the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), where he supported indigo farmers against exploitative plantation owners. This was followed by the Kheda Satyagraha (1918), where he demanded tax relief for farmers affected by crop failure, and the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918), where he mediated between workers and employers. These movements established him as a leader who understood the problems of common people and believed in peaceful resistance. One of Gandhi’s major contributions was the introduction of Satyagraha as a method of political action. Satyagraha emphasized civil resistance without violence and encouraged