The doctrine of "Caveat Emptor" is a fundamental principle in business law which means "let the buyer beware." Under this doctrine, the buyer alone is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods before making a purchase. It places the onus on the purchaser to exercise due diligence, inspection, and inquiry before completing a transaction. The seller is not obliged to disclose hidden defects or flaws in the product unless specifically required by law or contract. This principle is rooted in the idea of free trade and voluntary exchange, where parties are expected to act prudently and protect their own interests. Caveat Emptor emphasizes fairness in commercial dealings but also assumes that buyers have the necessary knowledge and capacity to evaluate the product. However, over time, this doctrine has been subject to several exceptions to protect consumers from fraud, misrepresentation, and unfair practices. One key exception is