Primary sources and secondary sources are two fundamental categories of information used in research methodology. Understanding the distinction between them is essential because the quality, reliability, and purpose of research depend significantly on the type of sources selected. Researchers use both primary and secondary sources to gather information, develop arguments, verify facts, and draw valid conclusions. Primary sources are original and first-hand records or evidence created by individuals who directly experienced or observed an event, phenomenon, or subject under investigation. These sources provide raw and unprocessed information that has not been interpreted, summarized, or analyzed by others. Researchers collect primary data directly from the field through methods such as surveys, interviews, questionnaires, observations, experiments, focus group discussions, and case studies. Historical documents, official records, diaries, letters, speeches, photographs, government documents, census reports, manuscripts, and laboratory reports are also considered primary sources when they present original information. The major advantage of