Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) is a hybrid solar technology that combines photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar thermal collectors into a single integrated system. It is designed to generate both electricity and useful heat from the same solar panel. In a conventional photovoltaic system, only a small portion of the incoming solar radiation is converted into electricity while the remaining energy is converted into heat, which raises the temperature of the PV cells and reduces their efficiency. A photovoltaic thermal system overcomes this limitation by capturing the excess heat and using it for thermal applications, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. A typical PVT system consists of photovoltaic solar cells mounted on the top surface of a panel and a thermal collector placed beneath them. The thermal collector usually contains a fluid channel or air passage through which water or air flows. As sunlight strikes the PV cells, electricity is produced. At the same time, heat generated in the panel is absorbed by the circulating fluid in the thermal collector. This process cools the PV cells, which helps maintain their electrical efficiency, while also producing hot water or warm air for practical use. The functioning of a solar photovoltaic thermal system begins when solar radiation falls on the PV modules. The photovoltaic cells convert a portion of the solar energy into electrical power through the