Solar energy, being a clean and renewable source, can be harnessed in various forms, with solar thermal conversion being one of the primary methods. Solar thermal conversion involves capturing sunlight and converting it into heat, which can then be used for different applications such as water heating, space heating, industrial processes, and electricity generation. The classification of solar thermal conversion is based on the temperature range of operation, the type of collector used, and the intended application. Understanding these classifications helps in selecting the appropriate system for specific needs and efficiency requirements. One way to classify solar thermal conversion is based on the temperature range: low-temperature, medium-temperature, and high-temperature systems. Low-temperature solar thermal systems operate below 100°C and are commonly used for domestic water heating, swimming pool heating, and space heating. These systems usually employ flat plate collectors or simple evacuated tube collectors, which are cost-effective