Transfer of learning refers to the influence that past learning experiences have on the acquisition, performance, or understanding of new learning. It occurs when knowledge, skills, habits, or attitudes learned in one context are applied to another context, either facilitating or hindering performance. The concept assumes that learning is not isolated but cumulative, and that previous experiences shape how learners interpret and respond to new situations. Transfer is considered an important goal of education because it indicates that learning is meaningful, functional, and usable beyond the immediate classroom situation. Transfer of learning is commonly classified into positive, negative, and zero transfer. Positive transfer occurs when previous learning facilitates new learning. For example, a student who has learned the rules of grammar in one language may find it easier to learn another language because of similarities in structure. Negative transfer occurs when earlier learning interferes with new learning, such as when pronunciation habits of a first language create difficulties in learning sounds of a second language. Zero transfer refers to situations where prior learning has no noticeable effect on new learning because the tasks or contexts are unrelated. Another way to classify transfer is based on the degree of similarity between situations. Near transfer takes place when the new learning