The Hardy–Weinberg Law, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg Principle, is a fundamental concept in population genetics proposed independently by G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908. It states that the genetic composition of a population remains constant from one generation to the next in the absence of evolutionary forces. If certain ideal conditions are met, allele frequencies and genotype frequencies remain in equilibrium. These conditions include a very large population size, random mating, no mutation, no migration (gene flow), and no natural selection. The principle provides a mathematical model for understanding genetic stability and serves as a baseline against which evolutionary changes can be measured. The law is expressed by the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p and q represent the frequencies of two alternative alleles of a gene. The term p² represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, q² represents the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals, and 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals. The sum of allele frequencies