Genetic engineering is a process of manipulating an organism's genes using biotechnology to modify its characteristics or traits. It involves the direct manipulation of an organism's DNA, by adding, deleting, or altering genetic material, to achieve desired traits. Genetic engineering is widely used in agriculture, medicine, and industrial applications to improve crop yields, enhance disease resistance, and develop new pharmaceuticals. One of the most important techniques in genetic engineering is Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. This method exploits the natural ability of a bacterium, *Agrobacterium tumefaciens*, to transfer part of its DNA into the genomes of plants. This technique is widely used for genetically modifying plants, especially dicotyledonous plants, to improve various traits such as pest resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional content. The process begins with the isolation of the gene of interest. The gene is typically obtained from a different species or is synthesized in the laboratory. Once isolated, the gene is inserted into a plasmid, a small circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently in bacteria. This plasmid contains the T-DNA (transfer DNA) region, which is transferred from *Agrobacterium*