Financial engineering is the application of mathematical models, statistical techniques, economics, finance, and computer technology to design, develop, and implement innovative financial products, investment strategies, and risk management solutions. It combines financial theory with quantitative methods to solve complex financial problems and meet the changing needs of investors, corporations, financial institutions, and governments. Financial engineering focuses on creating customized financial instruments, improving existing products, managing financial risks, and enhancing market efficiency. It has become an integral part of modern financial markets due to rapid technological advancement, globalization, and increasing complexity in financial transactions. Financial engineering involves the development of products such as derivatives, structured securities, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, exchange-traded funds, swaps, options, futures, credit derivatives, and hybrid financial instruments. These products are designed to achieve specific objectives such as risk reduction, tax efficiency, higher returns, liquidity enhancement, and portfolio diversification. Financial engineers use sophisticated quantitative models to evaluate pricing, risk, and performance of these products under different market conditions. One of the major factors responsible for the growth of financial engineering applications is globalization of financial markets. The integration of