An escalator is a power-driven, continuously moving staircase designed to transport people between different levels of a building. It is widely used in commercial complexes, shopping malls, airports, railway stations, metro stations, hotels, hospitals and other public buildings where there is a need to move a large number of people efficiently and safely. Unlike lifts, which carry passengers in batches and require waiting time, escalators provide continuous movement and are particularly suitable for high-traffic areas. In building planning and maintenance, escalators form an important component of vertical transportation systems and must be carefully designed, installed and maintained to ensure safety, reliability and smooth operation. Structurally, an escalator consists of a series of steps connected to form a continuous loop. These steps move on tracks within a truss framework that bridges the upper and lower floors. The main components of an escalator include the truss, steps, step chain, drive motor, gearbox, sprockets, tracks, handrails, balustrades, comb plates and control system. The truss is a rigid steel structure that supports all the mechanical components. It is anchored at both ends to the building structure and must be designed to carry dynamic loads caused by passenger movement. The working of an escalator is based on an electric motor-driven mechanism. When the escalator is switched on, the electric motor transmits power to a drive shaft through a gearbox. The gearbox reduces the speed of the motor and increases torque, enabling smooth and controlled movement of the steps. The drive shaft is connected to sprockets that pull the step chain. The steps are attached to this chain and move along a closed-loop track system. As the steps move upward or downward, they remain horizontal due to a pair of wheels attached to each step that run on separate tracks. These tracks guide the front and rear wheels of each step, ensuring