Maintenance is the process of preserving a building, its services, and its components in a safe, functional, and serviceable condition so that it continues to perform its intended purpose efficiently throughout its design life. In the context of building construction, maintenance includes all technical and administrative actions carried out to retain or restore a structure and its services to a state in which they can perform required functions. It begins immediately after the completion of construction and continues throughout the life of the building. Maintenance is not merely repair after damage; it is a planned and systematic approach to prevent deterioration, ensure safety, and maintain the value and usability of the property. Buildings are exposed to various internal and external factors such as weathering, temperature changes, moisture, pollution, wear and tear, biological growth, and user activities. These factors gradually cause deterioration in structural and non-structural components. If proper maintenance is neglected, minor defects may develop into major failures, resulting in higher repair costs and unsafe conditions. Therefore, maintenance plays a vital role in protecting the investment made in construction and ensuring comfort, safety, and functionality for occupants. The functions of maintenance in buildings are wide-ranging and cover both physical and managerial aspects. One primary function is inspection. Regular inspection helps in identifying defects at an early stage. Cracks in walls, leakage in roofs, corrosion of reinforcement, peeling paint, malfunctioning plumbing fixtures, and electrical faults can be detected through systematic inspection. Early detection enables timely corrective measures and prevents further deterioration. Another important function of maintenance is preventive action. Preventive maintenance involves periodic servicing, cleaning, lubrication, painting, and minor repairs to prevent breakdown or failure. For example, cleaning drainage pipes prevents blockage, repainting steel surfaces prevents corrosion, and servicing electrical systems reduces the risk of short circuits. Preventive maintenance reduces the likelihood of sudden failure and extends the life of building components. Repair and rectification form another key function of maintenance. When defects are identified, appropriate repair measures are undertaken to restore the component to its original condition or acceptable standard. Repairs may include patching cracks, replacing broken tiles, fixing leaking pipes, strengthening structural members, or replacing damaged doors and windows. These activities ensure that the building continues to serve its intended purpose without interruption. Replacement is also a function of maintenance. Some building components, such as plumbing fittings, electrical fixtures, roofing sheets, and floor finishes, have limited service life. After prolonged use, they may not be economical to repair and need replacement. Maintenance planning includes scheduling timely replacement to avoid inconvenience and ensure continuous serviceability. Maintenance also involves the upkeep of building services such as water supply, sanitation, electrical installations, ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection systems, and lifts. Proper functioning of these services is essential for the comfort and safety of occupants. Regular testing,