A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in existing knowledge that a researcher seeks to investigate through a systematic and scientific process. It is the foundation of any research study because it defines the purpose, scope, and direction of the investigation. In anthropology, a research problem may arise from unanswered questions related to culture, society, kinship, religion, economy, politics, human evolution, tribal communities, or contemporary social transformations. A well-defined research problem helps the researcher identify what needs to be studied, why it is important, and how the study should be conducted. It transforms a broad area of interest into a focused and manageable inquiry by clearly stating the objectives and expected outcomes. A good research problem possesses certain essential characteristics. It should be clear, specific, researchable, significant, feasible, and capable of generating new knowledge. The problem should neither be too broad nor too narrow. It should be based on observable facts and should permit empirical investigation using appropriate research methods such as observation, interviews, participant observation, surveys, case studies, or ethnographic fieldwork. In anthropological research, the formulation of a research problem often requires preliminary field visits, interaction with communities, and an understanding of existing theoretical debates. The identification of a research problem may originate from several sources. Personal experiences, field observations, previous research findings, social issues, government policies, theoretical discussions, and recommendations for future studies often provide ideas for selecting a research problem. Anthropologists may also identify research problems while studying cultural change, migration, globalization, gender relations, health practices, environmental adaptation, or indigenous knowledge systems. A properly formulated research problem guides