The term ‘caste’ refers to a hierarchical social system that categorizes people into distinct groups based on hereditary factors. In India, the caste system has deep historical, cultural, and social roots, traditionally linked to the Hindu religion but also extending to other communities. It involves the division of society into various groups, each with specific duties, privileges, and social positions. The caste system, though officially abolished in India through legislation, still influences social interactions and structures in various parts of the country.

Historically, the caste system in India was governed by the "Varna" system, which classified people into four broad categories based on their occupation. These four Varnas were: 

1. Brahmins - Traditionally priests, scholars, and teachers who were responsible for religious rituals and the preservation of sacred texts. They were considered the highest in the social hierarchy.
   
2. Kshatriyas - The warrior and ruler class, responsible for protection and governance. They were expected to engage in military pursuits and leadership roles.

3. Vaishyas - The merchant and business class, responsible for trade, agriculture, and commerce. They played a significant role in the economic prosperity of society.

4. Shudras - The working class, often involved in manual labor or service-oriented jobs. They were