An ecosystem refers to a dynamic and functional unit of nature in which living organisms interact with each other and with their surrounding physical environment. It includes all the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of a particular area, functioning together through energy flow and nutrient cycling. Ecosystems can be of various sizes, ranging from small ponds and forests to vast oceans and deserts, and they form the foundation of ecological balance on Earth. In the context of environment and tourism, ecosystems play a crucial role as they support biodiversity, provide natural resources, and offer scenic landscapes that attract tourists. However, the sustainability of tourism depends heavily on maintaining the health and stability of these ecosystems. The components of an ecosystem are broadly classified into two main categories: biotic components and abiotic components. These components are interdependent and work together to maintain ecological equilibrium. Abiotic components are the non-living elements of an ecosystem that influence the survival and functioning of living organisms. These include physical and chemical factors such as sunlight, temperature, water, soil, air, minerals, and nutrients. Sunlight is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems, driving the process of photosynthesis