Downward mobility refers to a movement of an individual or a social group from a higher social, economic, or occupational position to a lower one within the system of social stratification. It indicates a decline in status, power, income, or prestige compared to one’s previous position or that of one’s family. In stratified societies where individuals are ranked hierarchically based on factors such as wealth, education, occupation, and social status, downward mobility represents a shift to a less privileged position, often accompanied by reduced life chances and opportunities. This form of mobility can occur both at the individual and group levels. Individual downward mobility may take place when a person loses a job, experiences a significant reduction in income, fails in business, or suffers from health issues that affect their capacity to work. For example, a highly paid executive who loses employment and is unable to find a job of similar status may move to