Affixes are bound morphemes that are attached to a base or root to modify its meaning or grammatical function. In English, affixes are broadly classified into derivational affixes and inflectional affixes. This distinction is fundamental to understanding the structure and word formation processes of the English language. While both types of affixes are attached to words, they serve different linguistic purposes and follow different grammatical rules. Derivational affixes are used to create new words by changing the meaning or the grammatical category of the base word. They play an important role in vocabulary expansion. A derivational affix may change a noun into an adjective, a verb into a noun, or an adjective into an adverb. For example, the suffix *-ness* changes the adjective *happy* into the noun *happiness*. Similarly, *-er* changes the verb *teach* into the noun *teacher*, while the prefix *un-* changes *happy* into *unhappy*, giving it the opposite meaning. Other common derivational affixes include *-ment* (develop