Urbanization refers to the process by which an increasing proportion of a population comes to live in urban areas, accompanied by the physical expansion of cities and towns. It is driven by factors such as industrialization, economic opportunities, better infrastructure, education, healthcare facilities, and improved standards of living. As people migrate from rural to urban areas in search of employment and better social amenities, settlements grow in size, density, and complexity. Urbanization is thus not only a demographic shift but also a transformation of social, economic, and environmental relationships between humans and their surroundings. Urbanization has significant effects on the environment, both positive and negative, within the context of the human environment. One of the most visible impacts is the conversion of natural landscapes into built-up areas. Forests, wetlands, agricultural lands, and open spaces are cleared to make way for housing, industries, roads, and commercial complexes. This leads to habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of natural ecosystems. Many plant and animal species either migrate or face extinction due to