The recent ethnic resurgence across the world refers to the renewed emphasis on ethnic identity and its influence in shaping global politics and international relations. This resurgence is characterized by the revival of ethnic movements and the growing assertion of ethnic groups for political, cultural, or territorial autonomy. It has become an increasingly significant phenomenon, especially in the post-Cold War era, where the disintegration of multi-ethnic states and the rise of nationalism have brought ethnic issues to the forefront of global affairs.

One of the key dimensions of ethnic resurgence is its connection to nationalism. The post-Cold War world saw the breakup of empires and multi-ethnic states, such as the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. This led to the emergence of new nation-states, often defined by single ethnic groups, or the empowerment of ethnic groups seeking self-determination. The independence of these newly formed states has often triggered or been accompanied by the rise of ethnic identity as a central political force, leading to territorial disputes, secessionist movements, and, at times, ethnic conflict.

A significant feature of ethnic resurgence is the role of globalization in exacerbating ethnic tensions. While globalization has led to greater economic integration and cultural exchange, it has also intensified ethnic identity politics. Ethnic groups, particularly in post-colonial or newly independent states, are using the global arena to assert their identity, often in opposition to external cultural or political influences. This can be seen in the rise of ethnic movements in regions like the Middle East, Africa, and