The revolutionary change in France in 1789 was the result of a combination of political, social, economic, and intellectual factors that had developed over several decades. The French Revolution did not occur suddenly; rather, it was prepared by the growing dissatisfaction among different sections of French society with the existing system of monarchy and privileges. One of the major factors was the structure of French society based on the system of estates. Before the Revolution, French society was divided into three estates. The First Estate consisted of the clergy, the Second Estate consisted of the nobility, and the Third Estate included peasants, workers, and the middle class. The first two estates enjoyed special privileges, including exemption from many taxes, while the Third Estate carried the burden of taxation. This inequality created deep resentment among common people and encouraged demands for social and political reforms. The economic condition of France also played a significant role in preparing the ground for revolution. The French government faced severe financial difficulties due to costly wars, especially France’s involvement in the American War of Independence. The royal treasury was heavily indebted, and the government attempted to increase taxes on the people. However, the privileged classes resisted any reform that threatened their advantages. The failure of the monarchy to solve the financial crisis weakened