The history of Indian migration to Yemen stretches back centuries and is rooted in long-standing commercial, cultural, and maritime connections across the Arabian Sea. Indian traders from Gujarat, Kerala, and the Konkan coast established settlements in port cities such as Aden, Mukalla, and Hodeidah. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, under British imperial expansion, Aden became a crucial port of the British Empire, and Indian merchants, clerks, soldiers, and laborers migrated there in significant numbers. Over time, this community diversified to include Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, and later Christian professionals, creating a small but economically significant diaspora. However, despite their historical rootedness and contributions to Yemen’s economy and society, a series of political upheavals, civil conflicts, and geopolitical crises have repeatedly produced unsettling and often traumatic impacts on Indian immigrants in Yemen. One of the earliest major disruptions occurred during the period of decolonization in the mid-twentieth century. Aden, administered as part of British India until 1937 and later as a Crown Colony, had a substantial Indian population engaged in trade and administration. With the rise of Arab nationalism and anti-colonial sentiment in the 1950s and 1960s, Indians were increasingly perceived as linked to British authority and foreign economic dominance. The Aden Emergency (1963–1967), marked by insurgency and violence against British rule, created insecurity for expatriate communities. Bombings, targeted attacks, and political instability disrupted commercial life and endangered civilians. Following the British withdrawal in 1967 and the establishment of the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen), many Indian families faced uncertainty regarding citizenship status, property rights, and economic security. Nationalization policies and socialist reforms implemented by the new regime adversely affected foreign-owned businesses, compelling numerous Indian merchants to leave or relocate their assets. This marked a significant contraction of the once-thriving Indian mercantile presence in Aden. Another period of instability followed the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990. Although unification initially promised stability, tensions between the two regions culminated in the Yemeni Civil War of 1994. During this conflict, violence and economic disruption once again unsettled expatriate communities. Indians working in education,