Timber has been used as a traditional building material for centuries due to its availability, ease of use and aesthetic appeal, but it also has several limitations that restrict its extensive application in modern construction. One of the major drawbacks of timber is its susceptibility to decay. Being an organic material, timber is easily affected by moisture, fungi, and bacteria, which lead to rotting over time. In humid or wet conditions, untreated timber deteriorates quickly, reducing the strength and service life of structural elements. Another significant disadvantage is its vulnerability to termite and insect attack. Termites, borers, and other wood-eating insects can severely damage timber structures from within, often without immediate visible signs. This makes maintenance difficult and costly, as periodic chemical treatment or replacement of affected parts becomes necessary. Timber is also highly combustible, which makes it a fire-prone material. In case of fire, timber structures can burn