Constitutionalism refers to the principle that the powers of government should be defined and limited by a constitution. This concept is deeply rooted in the idea that government authority should not be arbitrary or absolute but should instead be constrained by legal frameworks to ensure accountability, protect individual rights, and promote democratic governance. Constitutionalism is not merely the existence of a constitution; it is a political system where the constitution serves as the supreme law that guides government actions and the relationship between the state and its citizens.

One of the fundamental features of constitutionalism is the rule of law, which asserts that all individuals, including government officials, are subject to the law. This principle ensures that power is exercised according to established legal norms and that arbitrary decisions are prevented. It is a safeguard against the abuse of power, ensuring that laws are applied fairly and impartially, and that all citizens have equal access to justice. The rule of law underpins democratic governance by maintaining legal equality and protecting citizens from discriminatory or oppressive actions.

Another key feature is separation of powers. This principle divides government responsibilities among distinct branches—executive, legislative, and