Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures within a specific society, recognizing and promoting the value of cultural diversity. This concept can apply to both the social fabric of a country and its political practices, where policies and frameworks are developed to manage and promote cultural diversity. Multiculturalism has evolved as an essential political issue in contemporary societies, particularly in countries that are characterized by immigration or historical diversity. The rise of multicultural policies, particularly in Western nations, has led to both praise and criticism.

The foundations of multiculturalism can be traced to the desire for inclusivity and the recognition of the rights of ethnic, religious, and cultural minorities within larger national identities. It began as a response to the failure of assimilationist policies, which sought to