Water is a vital natural resource that sustains life, supports agriculture, enables industrial development and maintains ecological balance. Rapid population growth, urbanisation, industrialisation and climate change have intensified pressure on freshwater resources, making their conservation a global priority. Various approaches have been undertaken at local, national and international levels to ensure the sustainable use and management of water resources. One of the major approaches is rainwater harvesting. This involves the collection and storage of rainwater from rooftops, surface runoff and other catchment areas for future use. Traditional systems such as tanks, stepwells, johads and baolis in India demonstrate community-based water conservation practices that have been revived in many regions. Modern rooftop harvesting systems in urban areas reduce dependence on groundwater and improve water availability during dry periods. Watershed management is another significant approach. It focuses on the integrated development of land and water resources within a defined drainage area. Activities such as afforestation, contour bunding, check dams, terracing and gully plugging reduce soil erosion, enhance groundwater recharge and improve agricultural productivity. Community