The tribal society in Manipur faces a wide range of social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental challenges that have significantly affected its traditional way of life. The tribal communities, including the Nagas, Kukis, Zomis, Hmars, and several smaller groups, inhabit mainly the hill districts of the state. Despite their rich cultural heritage and constitutional safeguards, they continue to struggle with issues of identity, development, security, and social justice. These concerns have become more complex due to rapid modernization, political conflicts, and changing socio-economic conditions. One of the major concerns is the issue of ethnic identity and political representation. The tribal communities seek recognition of their distinct cultural, linguistic, and historical identities. They often demand greater autonomy, protection of customary laws, and fair political participation. Ethnic tensions among different communities and between the hill tribes and the valley-based Meitei population