Micronutrients are essential dietary components required by the body in very small amounts to maintain normal physiological functions, growth, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are needed in large quantities, micronutrients include vitamins and minerals that play crucial roles as cofactors, coenzymes, and structural components in numerous biochemical pathways. Micronutrients are classified into two major categories: water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, and essential minerals, which are further divided into trace elements and major minerals based on the required quantity in the body. Common micronutrients include vitamins A, C, D, E, and K, B-complex vitamins, and minerals such as iron, zinc, selenium, copper, iodine, magnesium, and calcium. Deficiency or excess of micronutrients can lead to various pathological conditions, making their therapeutic use significant in both preventive and clinical medicine. In pharmacology, micronutrients are recognized not only for their nutritional value but also for their potential therapeutic effects. Vitamins often act as coenzymes or precursors in enzymatic reactions that are essential for metabolism. For instance, vitamin B1 (thiamine) is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and is crucial in carbohydrate metabolism, while vitamin B12 and folic acid are vital for DNA synthesis and