What are the applications of complexometric titrations. Give suitable examples.
Complexometric titration (sometimes chelatometry) is a form of volumetric analysis in which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point of a titration. Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution. An indicator capable of producing an unambiguous color change is usually used to detect the end-point of the titration.
Direct titration: the cations are titrated directly with standard solution EDTA using eriochrome black T as the indicator.
Back titration: a known excess of standard solution EDTA is added to the solution containing the analyte. When the reaction is complete, excess EDTA is back titrated to the end point using a magnesium or zinc standard solution with eriochrome black T. This procedure is useful for determining cations that form stable complexes with EDTA and for which there is no effective indicator. It is also often used for those species of ions which
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