Question

Explain the classification of nonaqueous solvents

08 Mar 2018
Answer :
Word Count : 600

The classification of solvents has been dealt with in various books on nonaqueous solvents [32, 33]. In the classification of solvents, it is usual to use some solvent properties as criteria. In order to discuss solvent effects on chemical reactions, it is convenient to use relative permitivities and acid – base properties as criteria.

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Classification, solvents are roughly divided into two groups, amphiprotic solvents and aprotic solvents . 13 ) AmphiproticsolventshavebothacidicandbasicpropertiesintermsoftheBrønsted acid – base concept. If we denote an Amphiprotic solvent by SH, it donates a proton by SH L S þ H þ and accepts a proton by SH þ H þ L SH 2 þ . Overall, the auto protolysis (autoionization) occurs by 2SH L SH 2 þ þ S . The extent of auto protolysis is expressed by the autoprotolysis constant, K SH ¼ a SH 2 þ a S , the values of which are also included in as p K SH values. Using water as reference, an amphiprotic solvent with an acidity and a basicity comparable to those of water is called a neutral solvent , the one with a stronger acidity and a weaker basicity than water is called a protogenic solvent and the one with a weaker acidity and astrongerbasicity than water is called a protophilic solvent . Thesolvent with relatively strong acidity usually has in its molecule a hydrogen atom that is joined

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