Urban flooding refers to the temporary inundation of land or built-up areas in cities due to excessive rainfall, poor drainage, overflowing rivers, storm surges, or failure of urban water management systems. Unlike riverine flooding, urban flooding occurs when the drainage capacity of cities is exceeded, leading to waterlogging of roads, residential colonies, commercial areas, and public infrastructure. Rapid urbanization, climate change, and unplanned development have made urban flooding one of the most serious environmental and urban management challenges across the world. One of the major causes of urban flooding is rapid and unplanned urbanization. As cities expand, natural landscapes such as wetlands, lakes, forests, and agricultural lands are converted into built-up areas. These impermeable surfaces, including roads, pavements, and buildings, prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the ground, thereby increasing surface runoff. The excess runoff quickly accumulates in low-lying areas, resulting in flooding. Poor drainage systems are another significant cause. Many cities have outdated, undersized, or poorly maintained drainage networks that cannot handle intense rainfall. Blockage of drains due to solid waste, plastic, and construction debris further reduces the efficiency