Question
Universalism and cultural relativism
Answer :
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Universalism and cultural relativism are two key approaches in understanding human rights, especially in the Indian context. Universalism asserts that human rights are inherent, inalienable, and applicable to every individual regardless of culture, religion, or nationality. This perspective is rooted in international frameworks such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which emphasizes rights like equality, freedom of expression, and protection from discrimination as fundamental to all human beings. From an Indian viewpoint, universalism aligns with constitutional guarantees under Part III, which enshrine fundamental rights such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and protection of
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