Question

 The population dynamics of a species is governed by the discrete model

equation

where r and k are positive constants. Determine the steady states and discuss the stability of the model. Find the value of r at which first bifurcation occurs. Describe qualitatively the behaviours of the population for equation, where equation. Since a species becomes extinct if equation for any n > 1, show using iterations, that irrespective of the size of r > 1 the species could become extinct if the carrying capacity equation.

10 Jan 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 252
The model is the Ricker map x_{n+1}=f(x_n)=x_n exp[r(1−x_n/K)], with r>0 and K>0. Steady states satisfy x=f(x). Either x=0 or exp[r(1−x/K)]=1, which gives r(1−x/K)=0 and hence x=K. Thus the equilibria are x*=0 and x*=K. Stability follows from f′(x)=exp[r(1−x/K)](1−%28r/K%29x). At x*=0, f′(0)=exp(r)>1 for all r>0, so x=0 is unstable. At x*=K, f′(K)=1−r. Hence |1−r|<1 gives local asymptotic stability, i.e. 0 _________ __________ __________ _________ ____ ____ _____.
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