Internet routing is the process by which data packets travel from a source device to a destination device across interconnected networks. The Internet is a global network of networks, and communication is made possible by networking devices such as routers, switches, gateways, and modems. Among these, routers play the most significant role because they determine the best path for forwarding data packets from one network to another. Routing ensures that information reaches its intended destination accurately, efficiently, and reliably. The Internet follows the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model, where data is divided into small units called packets. Each packet contains a header with the source and destination IP addresses, sequence information, protocol details, and other control information. Instead of following a fixed path, each packet may travel through different routes depending on network conditions, congestion, and router decisions. At the destination, all packets are reassembled into the original message. A router is a specialized networking device that connects multiple networks and forwards packets based on IP addresses. Every router maintains a routing table containing information about available network paths and the next hop to reach a particular destination. When a packet arrives, the router examines its destination IP address, consults the routing table, and forwards the packet through