Question
The enthalpy of vacancy formation in nickel is , and its melting point is
. What is the equilibrium vacancy concentration in nickel at
?
Answer :
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The equilibrium vacancy concentration in a metal can be calculated using the Arrhenius-type equation: [ C_v = \exp\left(-\frac{Q_v}{kT}\right) ] where (C_v) is the equilibrium fraction of vacancies, (Q_v) is the enthalpy of vacancy formation, (k) is Boltzmann’s constant ((8.617 \times 10^{-5}, \text{eV/K})), and (T) is the absolute temperature in Kelvin. For nickel, let us assume the enthalpy
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