Taking a suitable example, discuss the design of a solid state membrane electrode
Solid-state electrodes are miniaturized version of an electrochemical sensor. Solid state membrane electrodes are preferred over liquid membrane electrodes because they can easily be used in all kinds of media which are suitable for environmental analysis, food analysis, clinical analysis as well as for in vivo analysis.
Carbon materials in the form of graphite, glassy carbon, carbon fibres etc are important solid state electrodes for several reasons. This is because carbon has rich surface chemistry, which can be explored to influence reactivity. Also the adsorption on carbon surfaces can be used to enhance analytical utility. Adams, the inventor of CPEs S2 , and his research group were the first who published an extensive study on carbon pastes comprising numerous test measurements S3 ,54. Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) belong to a special group of solid state ion selective electrodes. CPEs are represented by carbon paste, ie, a mixture prepared from graphite powder and a suitable liquid binder packed into a suitably designed electrode bod y 55. The biggest disadvantage of CPEs, which limits their applicability in practical analysis, is that the success in working with carbon-paste
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