‘Social Structure is a reality’. Discuss A.R. Radcliffe Brown’s contribution to the
understanding of social structure
Brown has clarified the distinction between social structure and social organization. According to him, the social structure refers to an arrangement of persons. On the other hand, "Social organization is the arrangement of activities of two or more persons which are adjusted, to give united combined activity," Social organization can be explained by the example of modern army or tribal group's industrial groups, sports groups etc.
Social structure, on the other hand, can be explained by the example of modern army or tribal groups, etc. The distinction between social organization and social structure will be further clear from the definition and explanation of the term 'Social Structure', which now follows.
Meaning of social structure
In the words of Radcliffe Brown, "Social structure therefore is to be defined as the continuing arrangement of persons in relationships defined or controlled by institutions, i.e., socially established norms or patters of behaviour." In this definition of social structure, two phrases require further clarification, the continuing arrangement of persons and socially established norms or patterns of behaviour.
Continuing arrangement of persons
According to Brown social structure is a continuing arrangement of persons in relation to each other. This arrangement of persons is different in a village, a city or a primitive tribe. The characteristics of this arrangement are in fact the characteristics of social structure. In other words, the characteristics of social structure are the characteristics of social groups which constitute it.
Structural features of social life
According to Brown, the most important structural features of social life are as follows;
Social structure consists of all kinds of social groups within it.
2. Internal structure of groups
These groups, again, have a specific internal structure. For example, the family group consists of *he relations of father, mother and children to each other.
3. Arrangement into social classes
These groups, again, are arranged into social classes and categories such as the castes in Indian society and the economic classes in western societies.
4. Social distinctions
There is again a system of social distinctions between different classes based upon sex, authority, economic distinctions, caste distinctions etc. One finds a system of social distance between them as can be seen between Brahmins and Sudras in India.
5. Arrangement of persons in dyadic relationship
6. Interactions between groups and persons
Finally, the most important feature of social structure is the interaction between groups and the interactions between persons. An example of interactions between groups is seen when one nation goes to war with another. Interactions between persons can be seen in social processes involving cooperation, conflict, accommodation
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