Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute one of the most important pillars of the Indian economy. They contribute significantly to employment generation, entrepreneurship development, industrial production, exports, regional development and inclusive economic growth. MSMEs are particularly important for entrepreneurship because they provide opportunities for individuals with limited capital and resources to establish and expand enterprises. Recognising their economic and social importance, the Government of India has introduced several initiatives aimed at improving access to finance, technology, markets, infrastructure, skills and institutional support for MSMEs. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 provides an important institutional framework for the promotion and development of MSMEs. It established a legal basis for defining enterprises and encouraged policies relating to competitiveness, credit, technology upgradation and market support. The classification of enterprises was subsequently revised on the basis of investment and turnover, making the framework more suitable for modern businesses. The revised classification also facilitates enterprises in accessing various government schemes and benefits. One of the most significant initiatives is Udyam Registration, introduced to simplify the registration process for MSMEs. It provides a digital and relatively simple mechanism through which enterprises can obtain official recognition. The registration system reduces paperwork and helps enterprises access government schemes, institutional credit, procurement opportunities and other support measures. Digital registration has also improved the visibility of small businesses within the formal economy. Access to finance remains a major challenge for entrepreneurs. To address this issue, the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) provides institutional credit to micro and small entrepreneurs, especially those engaged in non-corporate and non-farm activities. MUDRA loans are broadly categorised as Shishu, Kishor and Tarun according to the scale and stage of the enterprise. The scheme is particularly useful for first-generation entrepreneurs who may not have substantial collateral or established credit histories. The Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) is another important initiative designed to improve access to institutional credit. Under the scheme, eligible loans can receive credit guarantee support, reducing the dependence of lenders on traditional collateral and third-party guarantees. This encourages banks and financial institutions to extend credit to viable micro and small businesses and facilitates entrepreneurship among individuals with limited assets. The Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) promotes self-employment and micro-enterprise development in both rural and urban areas. It provides financial assistance through a credit-linked subsidy mechanism for establishing new micro-enterprises. The programme is particularly relevant to entrepreneurship because it encourages unemployed individuals and aspiring entrepreneurs to establish businesses rather than depend solely on wage employment. It also supports local economic development and employment generation. The government has also promoted entrepreneurship through the Startup India initiative. Although Startup India primarily targets innovative startups, it has an important relationship with the broader entrepreneurial ecosystem. It seeks to create