Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, opinions, feelings, instructions and messages between two or more persons with the purpose of creating mutual understanding. In business organisations, communication is essential for planning, decision-making, coordination, leadership, customer relations and the smooth performance of daily activities. Business communication generally takes several forms, among which oral communication and written communication are particularly important. Both forms serve the common purpose of transmitting information, but they differ in their methods, characteristics, advantages and limitations. Oral communication refers to the exchange of information through spoken words. It takes place when a sender communicates a message verbally to a receiver. Face-to-face conversations, meetings, interviews, telephone conversations, conferences, presentations, speeches, group discussions and video conferences are common examples of oral communication in business. Oral communication may be formal or informal depending on the situation and the relationship between the participants. A manager giving instructions to employees, a salesperson explaining a product to a customer, or two colleagues discussing a work-related problem are examples of oral business communication. One of the major characteristics of oral communication is immediacy. The message can be delivered and received almost instantly, allowing the receiver to respond immediately. This makes oral communication particularly useful when quick decisions or urgent instructions are required. For example, if a manager needs to inform employees about an unexpected change in a production schedule, a verbal announcement may be more effective than preparing and distributing a written notice. Oral communication also permits immediate feedback. The receiver can ask questions, seek clarification and express agreement or disagreement at the same time. The sender can observe the receiver's reactions and modify the explanation accordingly. This interactive nature helps reduce misunderstanding. In a business meeting, for instance, employees can immediately ask a manager about unclear instructions and obtain clarification before beginning their work. Another important feature of oral communication is the role of non-verbal elements. Tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and emphasis can add meaning to spoken words. A manager can use an encouraging tone to motivate employees or a serious tone when discussing an important organisational problem. Such elements can make communication more persuasive and emotionally