Obsolescence of literature refers to the process by which published information, documents, or scientific literature gradually loses its relevance, usefulness, or demand over time. In Informetrics and Scientometrics, it is an important concept because it helps in understanding the changing value and use of recorded knowledge. Scientific and technical literature is particularly subject to obsolescence because new research continuously modifies, replaces, or extends existing knowledge. The obsolescence of literature occurs because knowledge is dynamic. New theories, discoveries, technologies, methods, and research findings may make earlier publications less useful. For example, a scientific article describing an old experimental technique may become less relevant after the introduction of a more efficient method. Similarly, older computer science literature may become obsolete rapidly because of technological developments. However, obsolescence does