Nutritional deficiency disorders are common health problems among children caused by inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of essential nutrients required for normal growth and development. These disorders affect physical growth, cognitive development, immunity, and overall health status of children. Proper nutrition during infancy and childhood is essential because this period involves rapid growth and increased nutritional demands. Protein-energy malnutrition is one of the major nutritional deficiency disorders affecting children, especially in developing countries. It occurs due to insufficient intake of calories and proteins. The two severe forms of protein-energy malnutrition are marasmus and kwashiorkor. Marasmus results from severe deficiency of calories and proteins, leading to significant weight loss, muscle wasting, and a thin appearance. Kwashiorkor occurs mainly due to protein deficiency and is characterized by swelling of the body, changes in hair and skin, and an enlarged liver. Both conditions increase the risk of infections and delayed development. Iron deficiency anaemia is another common nutritional disorder among children. Iron is essential for the formation of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout the body. Lack of iron in the diet leads to reduced haemoglobin levels, causing weakness, fatigue, pale skin, poor concentration, and impaired learning ability. Infants, growing children, and adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to increased iron requirements. Vitamin A deficiency is a significant health concern in children.