‘Negotiation is usually regarded as a form of alternative dispute resolution’. Critically analyse the statement by explaining the process ofnegotiation with suitable examples.
Dispute resolution is a process of bringing in a third party to help sort out the situation through communication and negotiation. There are several types of resolutions, and they are mainly used in employment and legal disputes.
The three main forms of dispute resolution we will focus on are:
- Negotiations
- Mediation
- Arbitration
Negotiations
Negotiations occur when two parties set forth the type of remedy each desires, and try to reach some sort of an agreement that satisfies everyone involved. In the best-case scenario, negotiations are done between the parties and both come to a happy agreement. The first step towards dissolving Harold and Melba's assets may be negotiations.
This is how a typical negotiation may look:
- Each party will prepare a list of what each party wants (house, boat, car, money)
- Each will decide upon a timeframe to acquire the assets, and
- Each will have an alternative or other options for the settlement of assets
Once agreement has been reached, the parties will create a written statement to reflect the terms of the negotiated assets. While Harold and Melba tried very hard to divide the dowry fairly, each wanted what the other person wanted. It was a mess!
There are many different ways to categorize the essential elements of negotiation.
One view of negotiation involves three basic elements: process, behavior and substance. The process refers to how the parties negotiate: the context of the negotiations, the parties to the negotiations, the tactics used by the parties, and the sequence and stages in which all of these play out. Behavior refers to the relationships among these parties, the communication between them and the styles they adopt. The substance refers to what the parties negotiate over: the agenda, the issues (positions and – more helpfully – interests), the options, and the agreement(s) reached at the end.[citation needed]
Another view of negotiation comprises four elements: strategy, process, tools, and tactics. Strategy comprises the top level goals – typically including relationship and the final outcome. Processes and tools include the steps to follow and roles to take in preparing for and negotiating with the other parties. Tactics include more detailed statements and actions and responses to others' statements and actions. Some add to this persuasion and influence, asserting that these have become integral to modern day negotiation success, and so should not be omitted.
Employing an advocate
A skilled negotiator may serve as an advocate for one party to the negotiation. The advocate attempts to obtain the most favorable outcomes possible for that party. In this process the negotiator attempts to determine the minimum outcome(s)
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