Thailand regulates health care waste management through a combination of international environmental agreements, national environmental laws, public health legislation, ministerial regulations and technical standards. These policies aim to prevent infection, occupational hazards, environmental pollution and improper disposal of hazardous health care waste. The regulatory framework covers segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, disposal, monitoring and enforcement. At the international level, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal is particularly relevant to Thailand. Thailand became a party to the Basel Convention in 1997. The Convention establishes controls over the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and promotes their environmentally sound management. Certain categories of health care waste, particularly infectious waste, pathological waste and waste containing toxic chemicals, may fall within hazardous waste categories. Thailand therefore has obligations to control the import, export and transboundary movement of such wastes and to ensure that hazardous waste is handled and disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is another important international policy framework. Thailand became a party to the Convention in 2005. The Convention seeks to eliminate or reduce persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins and furans. These substances can be generated through inappropriate burning or incineration of chlorinated health care waste. Consequently, the Convention encourages Thailand to improve waste segregation and adopt appropriate treatment technologies so that hazardous emissions from health care waste treatment are minimized. The Minamata Convention on Mercury is also relevant to health care waste management in Thailand. Thailand became a party to the Convention in 2017. Mercury can be present in certain medical devices, laboratory equipment and other health care products. The Convention promotes the reduction and, where possible, elimination of mercury-containing products and environmentally sound management of mercury waste. This is important because improper disposal or burning of mercury-containing health care waste can contaminate air, soil and water and expose health workers and communities to toxic mercury. The World Health Organization also provides international technical guidance that influences health care waste management practices in Thailand. WHO recommendations emphasize waste minimization, segregation at source, safe handling of sharps, appropriate treatment technologies, worker protection and environmentally sound final disposal. Although WHO guidelines are generally not legally binding, they provide technical standards for hospitals and public health authorities