The Mundas are one of the important tribal communities of eastern and central India, belonging to the Austroasiatic or Mundari-speaking tribal group. They are found mainly in Jharkhand, with significant populations also living in Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and neighbouring regions. Their social and cultural life is closely connected with agriculture, forests, nature and community relationships. Festivals occupy an important place in Munda culture because they are not merely occasions for entertainment or religious observance; they express the community’s relationship with land, ancestors, nature, village institutions and collective identity. Munda festivals are therefore significant examples of folk representation because they preserve traditional beliefs, songs, dances, rituals, stories, symbols and forms of collective participation. The traditional Munda worldview is closely associated with the natural environment. The earth, forests, hills, rivers, trees, animals and agricultural fields are considered important elements of life. Their religious practices traditionally involve reverence for village and nature spirits as well as ancestors. The sacred grove, generally known as the *Sarna*, has a central place in the religious life of many Munda communities. Rituals performed at sacred places are usually conducted by traditional religious specialists and village leaders. Festivals provide opportunities to maintain a relationship between human beings, supernatural forces and the natural world. One of the most important Munda festivals is Sarhul. It is celebrated during the spring season, particularly when the sal trees begin to flower. The festival is closely associated with nature, fertility, the village community and the renewal of life. The sal flower has considerable symbolic importance in Sarhul celebrations. The village priest, traditionally known as the *Pahan*, performs important rituals for the well-being of the community. Offerings are made to the village deity and other spiritual powers, and prayers are offered for prosperity, good rainfall, agricultural success and the protection of the villagers. Sarhul is also an important social festival. After the religious rituals, people participate in singing and dancing. Men and women often perform traditional dances together, accompanied by instruments such as the *mandar*, *nagara*, *dhol* and other traditional drums. The rhythm of the drums, the songs and the colourful clothing create a lively community atmosphere. The festival brings together people of different ages and strengthens social relationships. Through its songs and dances, Sarhul represents the close connection between Munda cultural identity and the natural environment. Another important festival is Karam or Karma. The festival is associated with the Karam tree and is celebrated with particular enthusiasm by several tribal communities of eastern and central India, including Mundas. Karam has agricultural and social significance and is associated